The weather isn’t really random, it’s just incredibly complicated. When I play, I usually look up weather archives for a real-world location that closely matches the fantastical in-game location, which provides me detailed information such as temperature, rainfall and wind speed for every hour of the day. For this reason, while ANDRAGATHEMA has a nice and detailed weather system, it doesn’t include a random weather table. I will attempt to rectify this here.
Random weather generation
Roll 3d20 and consult Table 1.
This table tells you how to assign the three dice rolled. For example, in a warm climate, the lowest die goes to wind, the highest to temperature, and the middle one to clouds.
To find out what these mean, look at Table 2.
Depending on the land and circumstances, these numbers can go below 0 and over 20, as they are modified by the numbers shown on Table 3.
As you can probably tell, leave Temperature for last, since rain and wind can modify the Temperature die.
The result is fast (especially compared to other detailed weather generators), realistic enough (it mirrors real-world weather, even if meteorologists are shaking their heads) and interesting (it provides enough diversity, in the meaningful ranges).
One last detail: I add extreme weather, such as toxic fog or tornadoes, if all three dice come up the same number, that is 0,25% of the time (1 in 400).
If you want to test this yourself, but are too bored to roll dice, try this online generator.
Edit: I was informed that the Beaufort scale for wind strength is not quite universally used or well-known to be useful, so I changed the tables to include descriptive names for wind. In Greece we hear the Beaufort scale literally every day. Today I learned!